Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness and, in some cases, lead to hospitalization or death—especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children, and those with compromised immune systems.
🦠 Causes
Influenza is caused by influenza viruses, primarily:
Influenza A – most common, can infect humans and animals, and is responsible for most flu pandemics.
Influenza B – affects humans only and tends to cause seasonal outbreaks.
Influenza C – causes mild illness.
Influenza D – primarily affects cattle and is not known to infect humans.
🤒 Symptoms
Symptoms usually appear 1–4 days after exposure and include:
High fever or chills
Cough (usually dry)
Sore throat
Runny or stuffy nose
Muscle or body aches
Headache
Fatigue
Some people, especially children, may also have vomiting and diarrhea.
🔁 Transmission
Spread mainly by droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.
Can also spread by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the mouth, nose, or eyes.
🛡️ Prevention
Annual flu vaccine – updated each year based on circulating strains.
Good hygiene – handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals.
Masks – can help reduce transmission during outbreaks or flu season.
Disinfecting surfaces – especially in communal areas.
💊 Treatment
Antiviral medications (e.g., oseltamivir (Tamiflu), zanamivir (Relenza)) may reduce severity and duration if taken early.
Supportive care – rest, fluids, fever reducers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
