Wisdom Teeth and Why Extraction is Sometimes Needed
Wisdom teeth, also known as third molars, are the last set of molars that usually emerge between the ages of 17 and 25. Most people have four wisdom teeth (one in each corner of the mouth), but some may have fewer—or none at all.
🦷 Why Do We Have Wisdom Teeth?
Historically, wisdom teeth were useful to our ancestors, who had larger jaws and a tougher diet (roots, raw meat, nuts) that wore down teeth. These molars acted as replacements for lost or damaged teeth.
However, over time:
Human jaws evolved to be smaller due to changes in diet and tools (like cooking).
But the number of teeth didn't decrease — leading to less space for wisdom teeth to grow properly.
❌ Why Are Wisdom Teeth Often Extracted?
Many people do not have enough space in their jaws for wisdom teeth to come in properly. This can lead to several problems:
1. Impaction
Teeth are trapped in the jawbone or gums and cannot erupt properly.
Can be painful and may lead to infection or cysts.
2. Crowding
As wisdom teeth push in, they may crowd or shift other teeth, especially after orthodontic work like braces.
3. Decay or Gum Disease
Wisdom teeth are hard to clean, making them prone to:
Cavities
Gum infections
Pericoronitis (infection of the gum flap over a partially erupted tooth)
4. Damage to Adjacent Teeth
Impacted wisdom teeth can press against the second molars, causing root damage or bone loss.
✅ When Extraction Is Recommended
A dentist or oral surgeon may recommend removal if:
Teeth are impacted.
There's pain, swelling, or signs of infection.
There's damage or risk to nearby teeth.
For preventive reasons (especially in younger patients before problems develop).
🕒 When Extraction Might Not Be Needed
Not all wisdom teeth require removal. They can be left alone if:
Fully erupted
Healthy
Properly aligned
Not causing crowding or problems
In such cases, they just need to be monitored with regular dental check-ups.
🩺 What to Expect After Extraction
Recovery usually takes a few days to a week.
You might experience:
Swelling, discomfort
Restricted diet
Bleeding (initially)
Following post-op care is crucial to prevent complications like dry socket.
