Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is an allergic reaction that causes inflammation of the nasal passages when you're exposed to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, mold, or animal dander. It's a very common condition and can occur seasonally or year-round.
Causes
Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis: Triggered by pollen from trees (spring), grasses (late spring/summer), or weeds (late summer/fall).
Perennial Allergic Rhinitis: Caused by year-round allergens like dust mites, pet dander, cockroaches, or mold.
Symptoms
Sneezing
Runny or congested nose
Itchy nose, eyes, throat, or ears
Watery, red, or itchy eyes (allergic conjunctivitis)
Postnasal drip
Fatigue (due to poor sleep quality)
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually clinical but can include:
Allergy testing: Skin prick tests or blood tests (like specific IgE tests)
Nasal endoscopy (in complicated cases)
Treatment Options
1. Avoidance of Triggers
Use HEPA filters
Keep windows closed during high pollen seasons
Wash hands and face after being outdoors
Encase mattresses/pillows in dust-proof covers
2. Medications
Antihistamines (e.g., loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine)
Nasal corticosteroids (e.g., fluticasone, mometasone) — most effective
Decongestants (e.g., pseudoephedrine) — short-term use only
Leukotriene receptor antagonists (e.g., montelukast)
Nasal saline irrigation
3. Immunotherapy (Allergy Shots or Sublingual Tablets)
Long-term treatment option for people who don’t respond well to medications or have severe symptoms
