Dental caries, commonly known as tooth decay or cavities, is a highly preventable, biofilm-mediated chronic disease that causes the progressive demineralisation and destruction of the tooth structure. It occurs when acid-producing bacteria in dental plaque ferment dietary sugars, lowering the mouth's pH and eroding the tooth's hard layers. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is the most widespread non-communicable disease globally, impacting billions of people across their lifetimes.Core CausesThe development of dental caries requires the simultaneous interplay of four primary factors:Bacteria: Acid-producing strains like Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus.Diet: Frequent consumption of free sugars and refined carbohydrates.Host/Tooth: Susceptible tooth surfaces and the protective qualities of your saliva.Time: The duration that acids remain in contact with the enamel.
